MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
нажал копи под ответом
нажал пейст в окне твоей утилиты
что ты имеешь в виду?
нажал пейст в окне твоей утилиты
что ты имеешь в виду?
- OtherSide
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Ну вот теперь на этом шаге покажи скрин
Доллары в тексте оставлись?
- Komissar
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- Komissar
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- Сообщения: 10942
- Зарегистрирован: Пн авг 29, 2022 6:11 pm
Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
нажал копи под ответом
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
вот что запейстил в твою утилиту:


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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Я уже начинаю терять терпание. Что ты мне постишь? Зачем мне скриншоты гопоты?Komissar писал(а): ok, вот смотри, что мне гопота сгенерила на мой запрос:
https://stockchart.ru/shots/test1.webp
Я же говорю - проблема не в утилите, а в том, что у тебя на каком-то этапе теряются доллары.
Провеь, что бы в маркдауне, который подсовываешь утилите были доллары и все заработает.
- OtherSide
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Ну и че? выглядит как все норм. Только он мелкие цифры напрямую вставил, но так тоже должно работать
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
я еще больше теряю терпение. Ты обещал: маркдаун файл загрузишь - правильный пдф файл получишь.OtherSide писал(а):Я уже начинаю терять терпание. Что ты мне постишь? Зачем мне скриншоты гопоты?Komissar писал(а): ok, вот смотри, что мне гопота сгенерила на мой запрос:
https://stockchart.ru/shots/test1.webp
Я же говорю - проблема не в утилите, а в том, что у тебя на каком-то этапе теряются доллары.
Провеь, что бы в маркдауне, который подсовываешь утилите были доллары и все заработает.
Но ведь именно так не работает!
- OtherSide
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Я хочу понять где ты доллары теряешь. А ты то шлешь скриншоты гопоты (зачем? я и так понимаю что там должно быть ок) или в последнем скриншоте как раз то место где нужно (с формулами) скрытоKomissar писал(а):я еще больше теряю терпение. Ты обещал: маркдаун файл загрузишь - правильный пдф файл получишь.OtherSide писал(а):
Я уже начинаю терять терпание. Что ты мне постишь? Зачем мне скриншоты гопоты?
Я же говорю - проблема не в утилите, а в том, что у тебя на каком-то этапе теряются доллары.
Провеь, что бы в маркдауне, который подсовываешь утилите были доллары и все заработает.
Но ведь именно так не работает!
Вообще у нас типичный дилог с пользователем. Я пытаюсь найти место поломки, а пользователь настойчиво повторяет - ну не работает же ты что не веришь? Как будто вера эта должна что то поменять
- OtherSide
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Под ответом гопоты нажать кнопочку копировть и сразу результат в личку мне скопировать
Так можно сделать?
Так можно сделать?
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
ok, сейчас сделаю
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
ну вот, уже зависло на 35 сек
сгенерило хтмл
нету НЕТУ кнопки копи!
сгенерило хтмл
нету НЕТУ кнопки копи!
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
wot html file:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test (20 Questions)</title>
<style>
:root { --fg:#111; --muted:#555; --accent:#0b57d0; }
*{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:2rem auto;max-width:900px;padding:0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"Noto Sans","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif;color:var(--fg);line-height:1.55;font-size:16px}
header h1{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1.8rem}
header p{margin:.1rem 0 1rem;color:var(--muted)}
h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent)}
.instructions{background:#f7f9fc;border:1px solid #e6eefc;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0 1.5rem}
ol.mc,ol.frq{padding-left:1.2rem}
li{margin:.75rem 0}
.choices{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:.4rem 0 0 .25rem}
.choices li{margin:.25rem 0}
.choices .opt{display:inline-block;width:1.2rem;font-weight:600}
.meta{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}
@media print{
body{margin:0;max-width:none}
header,.instructions{page-break-after:avoid}
h2{break-after:avoid}
li{break-inside:avoid}
a{color:black;text-decoration:none}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test</h1>
<p class="meta">Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties · 20 Questions</p>
</header>
<section class="instructions">
<strong>Instructions:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Answer all multiple-choice and free-response questions.</li>
<li>For multiple-choice, choose the best answer.</li>
<li>Show your work and justify reasoning for free-response items.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (1–12)</h2>
<ol class="mc">
<li>Which element has the greatest first ionization energy?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> K</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which electron configuration is correct for the ground-state atom of vanadium (Z = 23)?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>2</sup> 4s<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> [Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Mg</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Cl</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The peak at the highest binding energy in a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectrum corresponds to:
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> The valence electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> The innermost electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> The electrons in the highest-energy shell</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Only unpaired electrons</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with Ne?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na<sup>+</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> O<sup>2−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> F<sup>−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> All of the above</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which pair of elements is most similar in chemical properties?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Li and Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C and O</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N and S</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Na and Mg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The electron configuration [Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup> corresponds to which element?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Sb</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> As</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Sn</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Te</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the electron affinity closest to zero?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> F</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Ne</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the second ionization of magnesium, which electron is removed?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> A 2p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> A 3s electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> A 3p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> A 2s electron</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which best explains why oxygen has a smaller atomic radius than nitrogen?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Oxygen has fewer electrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge.</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Oxygen has more protons but fewer neutrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Oxygen is a nonmetal while nitrogen is a metal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which orbital would be filled first according to the Aufbau principle?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> 4s</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> 3d</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> 4p</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> 5s</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge (Z<sub>eff</sub>) experienced by its outermost electrons?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> B</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part B: Free-Response Questions (13–20)</h2>
<ol class="frq" start="13">
<li><strong>PES Spectrum Analysis:</strong> A sample of lithium is analyzed by PES. The spectrum shows one small peak at very high binding energy and one large peak at low binding energy. Identify which subshells these peaks represent, and explain why the low-binding-energy peak is taller.</li>
<li><strong>Ionization Energies:</strong> The successive ionization energies for an element are: 738, 1450, 7730, 10,550, 13,630 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Identify the element and explain your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Periodic Trends:</strong> Compare the atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al. Place them in order from largest to smallest and explain the trend in terms of effective nuclear charge.</li>
<li><strong>Electron Configuration:</strong> Write the ground-state electron configuration for Co<sup>3+</sup>. Explain why the ion has that arrangement compared to neutral cobalt.</li>
<li><strong>Coulomb’s Law:</strong>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test (20 Questions)</title>
<style>
:root { --fg:#111; --muted:#555; --accent:#0b57d0; }
*{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:2rem auto;max-width:900px;padding:0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"Noto Sans","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif;color:var(--fg);line-height:1.55;font-size:16px}
header h1{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1.8rem}
header p{margin:.1rem 0 1rem;color:var(--muted)}
h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent)}
.instructions{background:#f7f9fc;border:1px solid #e6eefc;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0 1.5rem}
ol.mc,ol.frq{padding-left:1.2rem}
li{margin:.75rem 0}
.choices{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:.4rem 0 0 .25rem}
.choices li{margin:.25rem 0}
.choices .opt{display:inline-block;width:1.2rem;font-weight:600}
.meta{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}
@media print{
body{margin:0;max-width:none}
header,.instructions{page-break-after:avoid}
h2{break-after:avoid}
li{break-inside:avoid}
a{color:black;text-decoration:none}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test</h1>
<p class="meta">Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties · 20 Questions</p>
</header>
<section class="instructions">
<strong>Instructions:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Answer all multiple-choice and free-response questions.</li>
<li>For multiple-choice, choose the best answer.</li>
<li>Show your work and justify reasoning for free-response items.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (1–12)</h2>
<ol class="mc">
<li>Which element has the greatest first ionization energy?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> K</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which electron configuration is correct for the ground-state atom of vanadium (Z = 23)?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>2</sup> 4s<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> [Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Mg</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Cl</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The peak at the highest binding energy in a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectrum corresponds to:
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> The valence electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> The innermost electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> The electrons in the highest-energy shell</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Only unpaired electrons</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with Ne?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na<sup>+</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> O<sup>2−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> F<sup>−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> All of the above</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which pair of elements is most similar in chemical properties?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Li and Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C and O</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N and S</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Na and Mg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The electron configuration [Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup> corresponds to which element?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Sb</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> As</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Sn</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Te</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the electron affinity closest to zero?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> F</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Ne</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the second ionization of magnesium, which electron is removed?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> A 2p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> A 3s electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> A 3p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> A 2s electron</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which best explains why oxygen has a smaller atomic radius than nitrogen?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Oxygen has fewer electrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge.</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Oxygen has more protons but fewer neutrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Oxygen is a nonmetal while nitrogen is a metal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which orbital would be filled first according to the Aufbau principle?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> 4s</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> 3d</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> 4p</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> 5s</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge (Z<sub>eff</sub>) experienced by its outermost electrons?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> B</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part B: Free-Response Questions (13–20)</h2>
<ol class="frq" start="13">
<li><strong>PES Spectrum Analysis:</strong> A sample of lithium is analyzed by PES. The spectrum shows one small peak at very high binding energy and one large peak at low binding energy. Identify which subshells these peaks represent, and explain why the low-binding-energy peak is taller.</li>
<li><strong>Ionization Energies:</strong> The successive ionization energies for an element are: 738, 1450, 7730, 10,550, 13,630 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Identify the element and explain your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Periodic Trends:</strong> Compare the atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al. Place them in order from largest to smallest and explain the trend in terms of effective nuclear charge.</li>
<li><strong>Electron Configuration:</strong> Write the ground-state electron configuration for Co<sup>3+</sup>. Explain why the ion has that arrangement compared to neutral cobalt.</li>
<li><strong>Coulomb’s Law:</strong>
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test (20 Questions)</title>
<style>
:root { --fg:#111; --muted:#555; --accent:#0b57d0; }
*{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:2rem auto;max-width:900px;padding:0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"Noto Sans","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif;color:var(--fg);line-height:1.55;font-size:16px}
header h1{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1.8rem}
header p{margin:.1rem 0 1rem;color:var(--muted)}
h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent)}
.instructions{background:#f7f9fc;border:1px solid #e6eefc;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0 1.5rem}
ol.mc,ol.frq{padding-left:1.2rem}
li{margin:.75rem 0}
.choices{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:.4rem 0 0 .25rem}
.choices li{margin:.25rem 0}
.choices .opt{display:inline-block;width:1.2rem;font-weight:600}
.meta{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}
@media print{
body{margin:0;max-width:none}
header,.instructions{page-break-after:avoid}
h2{break-after:avoid}
li{break-inside:avoid}
a{color:black;text-decoration:none}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test</h1>
<p class="meta">Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties · 20 Questions</p>
</header>
<section class="instructions">
<strong>Instructions:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Answer all multiple-choice and free-response questions.</li>
<li>For multiple-choice, choose the best answer.</li>
<li>Show your work and justify reasoning for free-response items.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (1–12)</h2>
<ol class="mc">
<li>Which element has the greatest first ionization energy?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> K</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which electron configuration is correct for the ground-state atom of vanadium (Z = 23)?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>2</sup> 4s<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> [Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Mg</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Cl</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The peak at the highest binding energy in a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectrum corresponds to:
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> The valence electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> The innermost electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> The electrons in the highest-energy shell</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Only unpaired electrons</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with Ne?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na<sup>+</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> O<sup>2−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> F<sup>−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> All of the above</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which pair of elements is most similar in chemical properties?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Li and Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C and O</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N and S</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Na and Mg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The electron configuration [Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup> corresponds to which element?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Sb</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> As</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Sn</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Te</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the electron affinity closest to zero?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> F</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Ne</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the second ionization of magnesium, which electron is removed?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> A 2p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> A 3s electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> A 3p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> A 2s electron</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which best explains why oxygen has a smaller atomic radius than nitrogen?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Oxygen has fewer electrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge.</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Oxygen has more protons but fewer neutrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Oxygen is a nonmetal while nitrogen is a metal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which orbital would be filled first according to the Aufbau principle?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> 4s</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> 3d</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> 4p</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> 5s</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge (Z<sub>eff</sub>) experienced by its outermost electrons?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> B</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part B: Free-Response Questions (13–20)</h2>
<ol class="frq" start="13">
<li><strong>PES Spectrum Analysis:</strong> A sample of lithium is analyzed by PES. The spectrum shows one small peak at very high binding energy and one large peak at low binding energy. Identify which subshells these peaks represent, and explain why the low-binding-energy peak is taller.</li>
<li><strong>Ionization Energies:</strong> The successive ionization energies for an element are: 738, 1450, 7730, 10,550, 13,630 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Identify the element and explain your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Periodic Trends:</strong> Compare the atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al. Place them in order from largest to smallest and explain the trend in terms of effective nuclear charge.</li>
<li><strong>Electron Configuration:</strong> Write the ground-state electron configuration for Co<sup>3+</sup>. Explain why the ion has that arrangement compared to neutral cobalt.</li>
<li><strong>Coulomb’s Law:</strong> Explain why the first ionization energy of Na is lower than that of Cl, using Coulomb’s law in your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Isoelectronic Series:</strong> Rank the following ions by increasing radius: O<sup>2−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>. Justify your order.</li>
<li><strong>PES of Boron:</strong> A PES spectrum for boron shows peaks at binding energies corresponding to 1s and 2s/2p electrons. How many electrons correspond to each peak? Why do the 2s and 2p electrons appear at lower binding energy than the 1s electrons?</li>
<li><strong>Nuclear Charge & Shielding:</strong> Explain why the atomic radius of K is larger than that of Na, even though K has more protons.</li>
</ol>
</section>
</body>
</html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test (20 Questions)</title>
<style>
:root { --fg:#111; --muted:#555; --accent:#0b57d0; }
*{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:2rem auto;max-width:900px;padding:0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"Noto Sans","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif;color:var(--fg);line-height:1.55;font-size:16px}
header h1{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1.8rem}
header p{margin:.1rem 0 1rem;color:var(--muted)}
h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent)}
.instructions{background:#f7f9fc;border:1px solid #e6eefc;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0 1.5rem}
ol.mc,ol.frq{padding-left:1.2rem}
li{margin:.75rem 0}
.choices{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:.4rem 0 0 .25rem}
.choices li{margin:.25rem 0}
.choices .opt{display:inline-block;width:1.2rem;font-weight:600}
.meta{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}
@media print{
body{margin:0;max-width:none}
header,.instructions{page-break-after:avoid}
h2{break-after:avoid}
li{break-inside:avoid}
a{color:black;text-decoration:none}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test</h1>
<p class="meta">Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties · 20 Questions</p>
</header>
<section class="instructions">
<strong>Instructions:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Answer all multiple-choice and free-response questions.</li>
<li>For multiple-choice, choose the best answer.</li>
<li>Show your work and justify reasoning for free-response items.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (1–12)</h2>
<ol class="mc">
<li>Which element has the greatest first ionization energy?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> K</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which electron configuration is correct for the ground-state atom of vanadium (Z = 23)?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>2</sup> 4s<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> [Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Mg</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Cl</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The peak at the highest binding energy in a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectrum corresponds to:
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> The valence electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> The innermost electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> The electrons in the highest-energy shell</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Only unpaired electrons</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with Ne?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na<sup>+</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> O<sup>2−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> F<sup>−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> All of the above</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which pair of elements is most similar in chemical properties?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Li and Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C and O</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N and S</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Na and Mg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The electron configuration [Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup> corresponds to which element?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Sb</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> As</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Sn</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Te</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the electron affinity closest to zero?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> F</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Ne</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the second ionization of magnesium, which electron is removed?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> A 2p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> A 3s electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> A 3p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> A 2s electron</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which best explains why oxygen has a smaller atomic radius than nitrogen?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Oxygen has fewer electrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge.</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Oxygen has more protons but fewer neutrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Oxygen is a nonmetal while nitrogen is a metal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which orbital would be filled first according to the Aufbau principle?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> 4s</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> 3d</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> 4p</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> 5s</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge (Z<sub>eff</sub>) experienced by its outermost electrons?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> B</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part B: Free-Response Questions (13–20)</h2>
<ol class="frq" start="13">
<li><strong>PES Spectrum Analysis:</strong> A sample of lithium is analyzed by PES. The spectrum shows one small peak at very high binding energy and one large peak at low binding energy. Identify which subshells these peaks represent, and explain why the low-binding-energy peak is taller.</li>
<li><strong>Ionization Energies:</strong> The successive ionization energies for an element are: 738, 1450, 7730, 10,550, 13,630 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Identify the element and explain your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Periodic Trends:</strong> Compare the atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al. Place them in order from largest to smallest and explain the trend in terms of effective nuclear charge.</li>
<li><strong>Electron Configuration:</strong> Write the ground-state electron configuration for Co<sup>3+</sup>. Explain why the ion has that arrangement compared to neutral cobalt.</li>
<li><strong>Coulomb’s Law:</strong> Explain why the first ionization energy of Na is lower than that of Cl, using Coulomb’s law in your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Isoelectronic Series:</strong> Rank the following ions by increasing radius: O<sup>2−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>. Justify your order.</li>
<li><strong>PES of Boron:</strong> A PES spectrum for boron shows peaks at binding energies corresponding to 1s and 2s/2p electrons. How many electrons correspond to each peak? Why do the 2s and 2p electrons appear at lower binding energy than the 1s electrons?</li>
<li><strong>Nuclear Charge & Shielding:</strong> Explain why the atomic radius of K is larger than that of Na, even though K has more protons.</li>
</ol>
</section>
</body>
</html>
- OtherSide
- Уже с Приветом
- Сообщения: 13212
- Зарегистрирован: Ср окт 12, 2022 2:18 pm
Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Ты сам что ли не видишь, что это не MarkDown а html?
Он не мог это вернуть из буфера обмена при нажатии кнопки которую я на скриншоте помечал

Кнопку в гопоте тут ищи
Он не мог это вернуть из буфера обмена при нажатии кнопки которую я на скриншоте помечал

Кнопку в гопоте тут ищи
- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
я именно эту кнопку и нажал.
- Komissar
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- Зарегистрирован: Пн авг 29, 2022 6:11 pm
Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
вот еще раз скопировал:
Got it
— here’s the **20-question AP Chemistry Unit 1 test (questions only)** in a code block so you’ll see the **Copy** button in the corner:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test (20 Questions)</title>
<style>
:root { --fg:#111; --muted:#555; --accent:#0b57d0; }
*{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:2rem auto;max-width:900px;padding:0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"Noto Sans","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif;color:var(--fg);line-height:1.55;font-size:16px}
header h1{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1.8rem}
header p{margin:.1rem 0 1rem;color:var(--muted)}
h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent)}
.instructions{background:#f7f9fc;border:1px solid #e6eefc;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0 1.5rem}
ol.mc,ol.frq{padding-left:1.2rem}
li{margin:.75rem 0}
.choices{list-style:none;padding-left:0;margin:.4rem 0 0 .25rem}
.choices li{margin:.25rem 0}
.choices .opt{display:inline-block;width:1.2rem;font-weight:600}
.meta{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}
@media print{
body{margin:0;max-width:none}
header,.instructions{page-break-after:avoid}
h2{break-after:avoid}
li{break-inside:avoid}
a{color:black;text-decoration:none}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test</h1>
<p class="meta">Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties · 20 Questions</p>
</header>
<section class="instructions">
<strong>Instructions:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Answer all multiple-choice and free-response questions.</li>
<li>For multiple-choice, choose the best answer.</li>
<li>Show your work and justify reasoning for free-response items.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (1–12)</h2>
<ol class="mc">
<li>Which element has the greatest first ionization energy?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> K</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which electron configuration is correct for the ground-state atom of vanadium (Z = 23)?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>2</sup> 4s<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> [Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Mg</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Cl</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The peak at the highest binding energy in a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectrum corresponds to:
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> The valence electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> The innermost electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> The electrons in the highest-energy shell</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Only unpaired electrons</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with Ne?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na<sup>+</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> O<sup>2−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> F<sup>−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> All of the above</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which pair of elements is most similar in chemical properties?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Li and Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C and O</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N and S</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Na and Mg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The electron configuration [Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup> corresponds to which element?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Sb</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> As</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Sn</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Te</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the electron affinity closest to zero?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> F</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Ne</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the second ionization of magnesium, which electron is removed?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> A 2p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> A 3s electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> A 3p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> A 2s electron</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which best explains why oxygen has a smaller atomic radius than nitrogen?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Oxygen has fewer electrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge.</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Oxygen has more protons but fewer neutrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Oxygen is a nonmetal while nitrogen is a metal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which orbital would be filled first according to the Aufbau principle?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> 4s</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> 3d</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> 4p</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> 5s</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge (Z<sub>eff</sub>) experienced by its outermost electrons?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> B</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part B: Free-Response Questions (13–20)</h2>
<ol class="frq" start="13">
<li><strong>PES Spectrum Analysis:</strong> A sample of lithium is analyzed by PES. The spectrum shows one small peak at very high binding energy and one large peak at low binding energy. Identify which subshells these peaks represent, and explain why the low-binding-energy peak is taller.</li>
<li><strong>Ionization Energies:</strong> The successive ionization energies for an element are: 738, 1450, 7730, 10,550, 13,630 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Identify the element and explain your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Periodic Trends:</strong> Compare the atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al. Place them in order from largest to smallest and explain the trend in terms of effective nuclear charge.</li>
<li><strong>Electron Configuration:</strong> Write the ground-state electron configuration for Co<sup>3+</sup>. Explain why the ion has that arrangement compared to neutral cobalt.</li>
<li><strong>Coulomb’s Law:</strong> Explain why the first ionization energy of Na is lower than that of Cl, using Coulomb’s law in your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Isoelectronic Series:</strong> Rank the following ions by increasing radius: O<sup>2−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>. Justify your order.</li>
<li><strong>PES of Boron:</strong> A PES spectrum for boron shows peaks at binding energies corresponding to 1s and 2s/2p electrons. How many electrons correspond to each peak? Why do the 2s and 2p electrons appear at lower binding energy than the 1s electrons?</li>
<li><strong>Nuclear Charge & Shielding:</strong> Explain why the atomic radius of K is larger than that of Na, even though K has more protons.</li>
</ol>
</section>
</body>
</html>
```
---
Do you want me to also put the **Answer Key** in the same format with a Copy button?
Got it
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test (20 Questions)</title>
<style>
:root { --fg:#111; --muted:#555; --accent:#0b57d0; }
*{box-sizing:border-box}
body{margin:2rem auto;max-width:900px;padding:0 1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,"Noto Sans","Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif;color:var(--fg);line-height:1.55;font-size:16px}
header h1{margin:0 0 .25rem;font-size:1.8rem}
header p{margin:.1rem 0 1rem;color:var(--muted)}
h2{margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.15rem;color:var(--accent)}
.instructions{background:#f7f9fc;border:1px solid #e6eefc;border-radius:10px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:1rem 0 1.5rem}
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<body>
<header>
<h1>AP Chemistry – Unit 1 Practice Test</h1>
<p class="meta">Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties · 20 Questions</p>
</header>
<section class="instructions">
<strong>Instructions:</strong>
<ul>
<li>Answer all multiple-choice and free-response questions.</li>
<li>For multiple-choice, choose the best answer.</li>
<li>Show your work and justify reasoning for free-response items.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part A: Multiple-Choice Questions (1–12)</h2>
<ol class="mc">
<li>Which element has the greatest first ionization energy?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> K</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which electron configuration is correct for the ground-state atom of vanadium (Z = 23)?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>5</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> [Ar] 3d<sup>2</sup> 4s<sup>3</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> [Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Mg</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Al</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Cl</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The peak at the highest binding energy in a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) spectrum corresponds to:
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> The valence electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> The innermost electrons</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> The electrons in the highest-energy shell</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Only unpaired electrons</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with Ne?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Na<sup>+</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> O<sup>2−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> F<sup>−</sup></li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> All of the above</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which pair of elements is most similar in chemical properties?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Li and Na</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C and O</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N and S</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Na and Mg</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The electron configuration [Kr] 5s<sup>2</sup> 4d<sup>10</sup> 5p<sup>3</sup> corresponds to which element?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Sb</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> As</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Sn</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Te</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the electron affinity closest to zero?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> F</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Ne</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Cl</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>In the second ionization of magnesium, which electron is removed?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> A 2p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> A 3s electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> A 3p electron</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> A 2s electron</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which best explains why oxygen has a smaller atomic radius than nitrogen?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> Oxygen has fewer electrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> Oxygen has a higher nuclear charge.</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> Oxygen has more protons but fewer neutrons.</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> Oxygen is a nonmetal while nitrogen is a metal.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which orbital would be filled first according to the Aufbau principle?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> 4s</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> 3d</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> 4p</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> 5s</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge (Z<sub>eff</sub>) experienced by its outermost electrons?
<ul class="choices">
<li><span class="opt">A)</span> B</li>
<li><span class="opt">B)</span> C</li>
<li><span class="opt">C)</span> N</li>
<li><span class="opt">D)</span> O</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Part B: Free-Response Questions (13–20)</h2>
<ol class="frq" start="13">
<li><strong>PES Spectrum Analysis:</strong> A sample of lithium is analyzed by PES. The spectrum shows one small peak at very high binding energy and one large peak at low binding energy. Identify which subshells these peaks represent, and explain why the low-binding-energy peak is taller.</li>
<li><strong>Ionization Energies:</strong> The successive ionization energies for an element are: 738, 1450, 7730, 10,550, 13,630 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>. Identify the element and explain your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Periodic Trends:</strong> Compare the atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al. Place them in order from largest to smallest and explain the trend in terms of effective nuclear charge.</li>
<li><strong>Electron Configuration:</strong> Write the ground-state electron configuration for Co<sup>3+</sup>. Explain why the ion has that arrangement compared to neutral cobalt.</li>
<li><strong>Coulomb’s Law:</strong> Explain why the first ionization energy of Na is lower than that of Cl, using Coulomb’s law in your reasoning.</li>
<li><strong>Isoelectronic Series:</strong> Rank the following ions by increasing radius: O<sup>2−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>. Justify your order.</li>
<li><strong>PES of Boron:</strong> A PES spectrum for boron shows peaks at binding energies corresponding to 1s and 2s/2p electrons. How many electrons correspond to each peak? Why do the 2s and 2p electrons appear at lower binding energy than the 1s electrons?</li>
<li><strong>Nuclear Charge & Shielding:</strong> Explain why the atomic radius of K is larger than that of Na, even though K has more protons.</li>
</ol>
</section>
</body>
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- OtherSide
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Этот код должен отображить на экране содержимое HTML а не список вопросов
Отрабатывает идеально, с подстветкой синтаксиса, как надо

Отрабатывает идеально, с подстветкой синтаксиса, как надо

- Komissar
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
завтра встану я,
бодрый и четкий,
уж попляшешь ты тут
мне чечетку
бодрый и четкий,
уж попляшешь ты тут
мне чечетку
- OtherSide
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Re: MarkDonwn to PDF,Word,PHPbb
Разобрался?